deception

CHAPTER II DEFINITIONS The Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms (JCSPub 1) defines deception as "those measures designed to mislead the enemy by manipulation, distortion, or falsification of evidence to induce him to react in a manner prejudicial to his interests." (7,105) The definition of concealment is "the protection from observation or surveillance" (7,83) and camouflage is "the use of natural or artificial material on personnel, objects or tactical positions with the aim of confusing, misleading or evading the enemy." (7,60)

Camouflage and Concealment If concealment is the hiding of military operations,equipment or installations then it is really one of the means of achieving camouflage. Certainly if we hide something from the enemy we are ". . . confusing, misleading, or evading." One method used to conceal military activities from the enemy during World War II was employment of smoke generators. A smokescreen 60 miles long was maintained for four days to conceal the Rhine crossings.(21,100)The other method of achieving camouflage is the display. Displays have an opposite objective from concealment in that they are to draw the enemy's attention in order to mislead him. (21,98) Prior to the Normandy invasion dummy paratroopers. . .were dropped about 100 miles to the west of the main Allied landings to create an airborne diversion....This created considerable confusion among the Germans, and the entire German defense was mobilized and numerous German reserves were sent to this zone.(21,99)