Saturday, June 18, 2016

16-Let the Adversary off in order to Snare Him

Let the Adversary off in order to Snare Him
 To Capture the Enemy, First Let It Go (RM). Do not arouse their spirit to fight back.
១៦. ដោះលែងមនុស្សមុនចាប់
  1.  នៅក្នុងស្ថានភាពដែល ដៃគួរបស់យើងត្រូវបានគេឡោមព័ទ្ធជុំវិញ និង ស្ថិតនៅក្រោមសម្ពាធដែលមានគ្រោះថ្នាក់ ដែលគេនឹងប្រើប្រាស់នូវរាល់កម្លាំងរបស់គេក្នុងគោលបំណងប្រឆាំងនូវការវាយប្រហារដ៏ខ្លាំងក្លា។  នៅក្នុងកាលៈទេសៈបែបនេះ ប្រសិនបើយើងផ្តល់ឳកាស ឫក៏ក្តីសង្ឃឹមឲ្យសត្រូវរបស់យើងបានរួចខ្លួន ដូច្នេះចេតនាក្នុងការប្រយុទ្ធរបស់គេនឹងលែងមាន។យើងអាច​ទាញ​យកប្រយោជន៍តាមរយៈវិធីមួយនេះ ហើយយើងអាចដាក់សត្រូវរបស់យើងនៅក្រោមការត្រួតត្រារបស់យើង។  តាមរយៈយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រមួយនេះ យើងមានលទ្ធភាពយកឈ្នះលើសត្រូវរបស់យើង ដោយការប្រើប្រាស់នូវធនធានបន្តិចបន្តួច ដើម្បីចៀសវាងការប្រយុទ្ធ។យើងត្រូវតែផ្តល់ឳកាសដល់សត្រូវរបស់យើងដើម្បីរស់ ដូច្នេះពួកគេនឹងបន្ថយកម្លាំងរបស់គេ ចុងក្រោយយើងអាចកម្តៅទឹកដើម្បីចាប់កង្កែប។
  2. ជាឧទាហរណ៍ ដូចជានៅក្នុងការបើកអាជីវកម្ម យើងអាចផ្តល់អ្វីមួយដោយឥតគិតថ្លៃដើម្បីទាក់ទាញអថិតិជននៅក្នុងការទិញ។ ដើម្បីធ្វើឲ្យការលក់របស់អ្វីមួយទៅបានយើងគួរតែលះបង់អ្វីមួយជាមុនសិន។ ក្រុមហ៊ុនមួយមិនចាំបាច់ព្យាយាមខ្លាំងដើម្បីក្លាយជាក្រុមហ៊ុនមួយ ដែលមានការប្រគួតប្រជែងខ្លាំងនោះទេផ្ទុយទៅវិញដើម្បីបង្កើនធនធានរបស់យើង យើងត្រូវតែដឹងអំពីរបៀប និង ផលប្រយោជន៍ផ្សេងៗទៀតក្នុងការខិតខំប្រឹងប្រែងកម្រិតទាប។នៅក្នុងយុទ្ធសាស្ត្រមួយនេះ​ យើងត្រូវតែផ្តល់ឳកាសដល់ដៃគូរបស់យើង ដើម្បីទទួលបាននូវជ័យជំនះមួយដ៏ត្រចះត្រចង់។ ជាថ្មីម្តងទៀតថានៅពេលដែលសត្រូវរបស់យើងពិតជាមិនអាចគេចខ្លួនបានទេ ពួកគេច្បាស់ជាមានអារម្មណ៍ភ័យខ្លាច ហើយនឹងចុះចាញ់ដោយគ្មានការប្រយុទ្ធឡើយ។
กลยุทธ์ที่ 16 แสร้งปล่อยเพื่อจับ
กลยุทธ์แสร้งปล่อยเพื่อจับ หรือ อวี้ฉินกู้จ้ง (อังกฤษ: In order to capture, one must let loose; จีนตัวย่อ: 欲擒故纵; จีนตัวเต็ม: 欲擒故縱; พินอิน: Yù qín gū zòng) เป็นกลยุทธ์ที่มีความหมายถึงการใช้สติปัญญาในการวางแผน การจับเชลยศึกสงครามได้นั้นถ้าหากบีบคั้นจนเกินไปจนไม่สามารถรีดเอาความต่าง ๆ ได้ เปรียบประหนึ่ง "สุนัขที่จนตรอก ย่อมต่อสู้จนสุดชีวิต" การปล่อยศัตรูให้เป็นฝ่ายหลบหนีก็จักเป็นการทำลายขวัญและกำลังใจ ความเหิมเกริมของศัตรูได้ การปล่อยศัตรูหลบหนีจะต้องนำกำลังไล่ติดตามอย่าลดละ เพื่อเป็นการบั่นทอนกำลังทหารของศัตรูให้อ่อนแรง กะปลกกะเปลี้ยน ครั้นเมื่อหมดสิ้นเรี่ยวแรง มิได้มีใจคิดต่อสู้ด้วยก็จะยอมจำนนสวามิภักดิ์ เมื่อนั้นจึงจับเอาเป็นเชลยได้โดยง่าย ซึ่งเป็นการทำศึกสงครามที่ไม่เสียเลือดเนื้อและกำลังทหาร อีกทั้งยังเป็นเหตุให้ศัตรูแตกพ่ายยับเยินไปเอง ตัวอย่างการนำเอากลยุทธ์แสร้งปล่อยเพื่อจับไปใช้ได้แก่จูกัดเหลียงที่ทำศึกสงครามกับเบ้งเฮ็ก เมื่อจับได้เป็นเชลยก็ปล่อยตัวเสียเพื่อให้เบ้งเฮ็กไปรวบรวมผู้คนมาต่อสู้อีกครั้ง จนกระทั่งยอมแพ้และสวามิภักดิ์ต่อจูกัดเหลียง

16. Let the enemy off in order to snare him

This stratagem has two possible applications. The admonition can be taken quite literally in that---in a situation in which you defeat your enemy---you can sometimes more effectively snare the opponent by releasing him or forgiving him. (After all, if you execute an enemy general, then his lieutenant becomes general in his stead, so you still have an enemy to fight. But if you spare the general and win him over, you gain an ally.) Sun Tzu repeatedly urges that those who are defeated be treated humanely, because if you win their loyalties, then you increase your own fighting force with very little expenditure. The Chinese generals who wrote extensive commentaries on Sun Tzu have observed that feeding and clothing prisoners means you are really feeding and clothing recruits. The opportunity to be magnanimous shows the opponent that you are not the devil he assumed you to be. And after being defeated, a proud fighter may be much more approachable and agreeable when treated with dignity and respect.

The USA accomplished this, after a fashion, by bringing German POWs back to the USA for interment during WWII. One German prisoner wrote that they all knew they would understand their real conditions only when they arrived at the prison barracks. They were frightened and dispirited, and the incredibly long journey across a vast ocean had made them all feel cut off and isolated. There then followed several days of travel by bus, so that all of the young men felt that they were powerless to escape or return.

But when he entered the barracks and saw a row of neat bunks, each with a mattress, and clean sheets, and a small kit bag stocked with shaving cream, a razor, soap, a toothbrush, and toothpaste, he was overcome with both gratitude and humility. He realized that his captors were not cruel. Prisoners were not beaten nor humiliated, and they were required to attend classes on law, ethics, and the Constitution of the United States. Eventually, they were allowed to work off site, under guard, for ranchers in the area. By the end of the war, with the exception of three hold outs, all of the men in his section of the camp were willing to see Constitutional government with equal rights for all instituted in Germany.

On the other hand, relying on the loyalty of a former enemy can be dangerous to the point of disastrous. The second application of this stratagem is more pragmatic and quite efficient: Make the enemy believe that a means of escape is open to him, and---rather than fight whole heartedly---he will turn his energies to get away, and thus you can direct him into a trap or harry his troops as they try to flee.

Sun Tzu warns that trapped soldiers---your own or the other general's---will fight at their best if they think there is no hope. They will resolve to take as many of the enemy with them as possible, so the great general writes, "When you surround an army, leave an outlet free. Do not press a desperate foe too hard" (from Section Seven, "Mauevering," AOW). It's better to get the other person to run for cover or run for escape. Provided you arrange the situation so that you know which way he will run, you can still effectively destroy his army. And this way, you suffer fewer losses.


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